Women's soccer in Costa Rica: A sociological look at the working, salary, and socio-historical conditions of female soccer players in the Costa Rican first division from 2019 to 2023
A summary of the research:
For coaches and administrators in women's soccer, this research from Costa Rica provides important insights into the current state of the game for female players. The study looks at the working conditions, pay, and the social and historical context of women's professional soccer in the country between 2019 and 2023. Researchers wanted to understand if the lower pay and challenges faced by female players are linked to long-standing patriarchal attitudes and to explore the everyday realities for these athletes. By surveying and interviewing players and experts, the study examined how gender biases and stereotypes in soccer rules and common practices affect women's ability to participate and grow in the sport. A key part of the research was also to define what it means to be a professional soccer player in Costa Rica, aiming for a definition that applies fairly to both men and women.
The research revealed that even though women's soccer in Costa Rica has made progress, significant inequalities still exist when compared to men's soccer. These differences are deeply connected to historical and cultural beliefs that have traditionally favored men in sports. The study emphasizes that female players often do not receive the same level of financial backing, fair treatment in their work environment, or attention from the media as their male counterparts. Many of these players have to juggle their soccer careers with unpaid responsibilities at home and paid jobs outside of soccer just to get by, indicating they are not always treated as true professionals.
Here are three key practical takeaways from the article's results:
Critically Examine and Challenge Gender Bias in Club Structures: Coaches and administrators should review their club's regulations, policies, and everyday practices for any subtle or overt gender biases that might disadvantage female players. This includes ensuring that the definition of a "professional player" within the club and the expectations for player contracts are equitable, focusing on athletic commitment and skill rather than being influenced by traditional male-centric views of professionalism.
Actively Advocate for Increased Visibility and Resources for Women's Teams: Leadership should proactively work to secure more media coverage and greater financial and infrastructural support for their women's soccer programs. This can involve actively engaging with local media to highlight games and player stories, seeking out sponsorships specifically for the women's team, and ensuring that training facilities and resources are comparable to those provided for men's teams.
Strive to Create Fair and Supportive Labor Conditions for Female Players: Clubs should work towards providing female players with more economically stable environments, including fairer compensation that recognizes their dedication and talent. This also means understanding and addressing the reality that many female players balance soccer with other work and home responsibilities, and striving to offer scheduling and support that allows them to develop as athletes without undue burden, moving towards more professional standards of treatment.
Author: Rebeca Alfaro Hernández & José Pablo Cruz Fuentes
You can read the entire paper here. (In Spanish)
